INDONESIAINDONESIAAccording to statistics from UNICEF relating to the period 2001-2007, of girls and women aged 15-49, 25% think that a husband is justified in hitting or beating his wife under certain circumstances.
(UNICEF, 2009, Progress for Children: A report card on child protection, NY: UNICEF
www.childinfo.org/files/Progress_for_Children-No.8_EN.pdf)
The first comprehensive research into the quality of care in childcare institutions in Indonesia, jointly conducted by the Social Services Ministry, Save the Children and UNICEF, found that many children face corporal punishment in childcare institutions. Someone that Matters: The Quality of Care in Childcare Institutions in Indonesia is based on a survey of 36 childcare institutions in six provinces plus a government owned orphanage. Most of the institutions are run privately by religious organisations. The research found that physical and psychological punishment was widespread in the childcare institutions studied, and was often routine and accepted as a part of daily life by both children and staff. Pinching childrens’ stomachs and caning them were the most common forms of punishment. Shaving of heads and throwing dirty water on children were also common for repeat “offenders”.
(Martin, F. and Sudjarat, T., 2007, Someone That Matters: The Quality of Care in Childcare Institutions in Indonesia, Jakarta: Save the Children, UNICEF and DEPSOS RI
www.savethechildren.org.uk/en/docs/someone-that-matters.pdf)
Large scale comparative research into the views and experiences of 3,322 children and 1,000 adults in 8 countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific (Cambodia, Fiji, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Mongolia, Philippines, Republic of Korea and Viet Nam) was carried out by Save the Children in 2005. The research in Indonesia involved 813 children from urban, rural and remote areas, and 16 adults. Methods used included research diaries, drawings, body maps, attitude survey, and discussions. Physical punishments mentioned by children in Indonesia included being hit with implements, kicking, slapping, ear twisting, hair pulling, pinching, and throwing objects. Of those who were hit, 32.4% were hit with an implement, 23.6% slapped with the hand, 23.6% punched with the fist, and 20.4% kicked. Of those children who mentioned body parts where they were hit, 73% reported being hit on the head and neck, 75% on the limbs, 10% on the back, 15% on the chest and 15% on the stomach.
(Beazley, H., S. Bessell, et al., 2006, What Children Say: Results of comparative research on the physical and emotional punishment of children in Southeast Asia and Pacific, 2005, Stockholm, Save the Children Sweden)
Save the Children UK carried out research in schools in North Maluku, surveying 541 children in two sub districts as part of a project developing non violent forms of classroom management. Children completed survey forms as follow up to classroom discussions on discipline. Nearly one quarter of the children reported having been hit by the teacher on their legs, hands, ears, cheeks and buttocks, once or more than once, the teachers using their hands, or a stick, ruler or bamboo swathe.
(Save the Children UK, Indonesia, 2004, "Violence in schools: report on a survey conducted by the Save the Children Education Programme in North Maluku", unpublished, cited in Save the Children, 2005, Discipline and punishment of children: a rights-based review of laws, attitudes and practices in East Asia and the Pacific, Save the Children Sweden)